Restoring or Reusing Old Barns

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RESTORING / REUSING OLD BARNS

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Barns can be expensive to maintain. A few owners keep their barns in good condition purely for aesthetic purposes, but most barn owners refuse to maintain their structures unless they see a practical benefit. Eventually the roof leaks or the foundation sags, and the barn either collapses or is salvaged by folks who view it as a prime source of good timber.

We can’t save every old barn, and we shouldn’t try. But we can save more of them if we can find ways to make them useful once again and if we identify ways to make their renovation affordable. The key to saving old barns is to adapt the structure to the needs of the current owner while maintaining the character of the original structure.

Here are a few common situations in which old barns remain unused or under utilized:

  • The barn can not accommodate the type of agricultural products generated on the farm or the farm equipment currently used. For example, the interior post and beam construction of many barns prevents efficient storage of large hay bales. Doors and beams may be too low to allow the entry and storage of some farm machinery.

  • The current owner has no interest in farming and views the barn as a disposable structure on a residential or commercial property. It is still common for developers to wipe a parcel clean of such structures rather than attempt to integrate them into the proposed building plan. Under these conditions, barns are often viewed as nuisances, liabilities, and firetraps.

  • The once rural barn is now part of a suburban area and the new owner fails to see the potential of the structure in this setting. Ironically, while some people don’t know what to do with their barn, others try to erect new residential or commercial structures that mimic the features found in old barns.

Here are some strategies that can work in these situations:

  • Restructure the inside of barns on working farms so that they can accommodate modern crops and machinery.  Provide guidelines for the rehabilitation and tax incentives for making these changes.
  • Convert barns in commercial or residential subdivisions into community centers, residences, or space for businesses.
  • .....

Tax Credits

Income-producing property: If the barn is a contributing structure that is listed on (or eligible to be listed on) the National Register of Historic Places, a 20% rehabilitation tax credit is available for certified rehabilitation of the building. To qualify, the structure must be used for income-producing purposes, and the rehabilitation costs must be greater than $5,000 or the adjusted cost basis for the building.

If the barn is not part of a National Register site, a 10% credit is available for buildings built before 1936. For information about the 10% credit, request Form 3468 Investment Credit from the Internal Revenue Service.

Residential property: The Rehabilitation Investment Tax Credit Program provides a West Virginia state income tax credit for rehabilitation of historic private residences.  This is a 20% state income tax credit which is based on the expenditures necessary to carry out material rehabilitation of historic private residences.  The credit is applied directly against taxes owed by the owner.  The credit may be carried forward for up to five years from the year it is earned.  For more information contact the Tax Credit Coordinator, State Historic Preservation Office, 1900 Kanawha Blvd. East, Charleston, WV, 25305.  Phone (304) 558-0220.

More information on how to benefit from tax incentives is available in the publication Guide to Tax Advantaged Rehabilitation, available from Barn Again!, The National Trust for Historic Preservation, 910 16th St., Suite 1100, Denver, CO 80202.

Publications and Additional Information on Barn Preservation

The following items are available for purchase from the National Trust at the address listed above:

  • BARN AGAIN! A Guide to Rehabilitation of Older Farm Buildings. 1992 edition. 18 page full-color guide features nine examples of BARN AGAIN! barns; barn rehabilitation checklist; roof, foundation and siding repair tips; and information on the National Register and tax credits.  ( $5.00)

  • BARN AGAIN! Preservation Information Handbook: A Guide for Individuals and Organizations. Includes reports on BARN AGAIN! demonstration projects and award winners; addresses of state preservation offices; information on the National Register of Historic Places; introductory tax credit information; and a barn bibliography. ( $10.00)

  • Using Old Farm Buildings. A practical guide to adapting different types of farm structures for a wide range of new agricultural uses: 16 rehabilitation projects illustrated with drawings and photographs. ( $6.00)

  • Barn Aid #1: Barn Foundations. Analyzes major problems of stone, concrete and concrete block foundations and shows how to remedy them. Includes a checklist for investigating foundation repairs and a guide for estimating costs. ( $5.00)

  • Barn Aid #2: New Spaces for Old Places. Describes how to increase clearspan space inside older barns by replacing posts and beams with trusses. Includes drawings and cost estimates. ( $5.00)

  • Barn Aid #3: Barn Exteriors and Painting. Information on common siding problems and repair, preparing your barn for painting and getting the best possible paint job. ($5.00)
  • Barn Aid #4: Barn Roofs. Tells about the different types of barn roofs and how to repair, replace and maintain them. ( $5.00)

  • Guide to Tax Advantaged Rehabilitation. Explains the qualifications and necessary steps to take advantage of tax credits. ( $6.00)

Reprints. Reprints or photocopies of BARN AGAIN! articles from Successful Farming or Historic Preservation magazines are also available from The National Trust ($1.00 each): 

  • "BARN AGAIN!" Successful Farming. (May 1987.)

  • "How your barn can make history." Successful Farming. (June 1987.)

  • "BARN AGAIN! revives a glorious past." Successful Farming. (Sept 1987.)

  • "BARN AGAIN! is a buildin'." Successful Farming. (Nov 1987.)

  • "Cozy Pigs in a Born-again barn." Successful Farming. (Feb 1988.)

  • "The Winners." Successful Farming. (June 1988.)

  • "Fix up, patch up and it's good as new." Successful Farming. (Mar 1988.)

  • "The best way to make old barns practical again." Successful Farming. (Mar 1988.)

  • "Old barn, young muscle." Successful Farming. (Feb 1989.)

  • "Batten down the hatches." Successful Farming. (Dec 1989.)

  • "A Sense of the Past." Successful Farming. (May/Jun 1990.)

  • "One good old barn deserves another." Successful Farming. (Dec 1990.)

  • "BARN AGAIN! on the air." Successful Farming. (Feb 1991.)

  • "A harvest of history." Successful Farming. (May/Jun 1991.)

  • "Farm Heritage Winners." Successful Farming. (Mar 1992.)

  • "BARN AGAIN! keeps building." Successful Farming. (Jan 1992.)

  • "Wanted: Low cost barn-saving ideas." Successful Farming. (Apr 1992.)

  • "What Farmers are saying." Successful Farming. (Jan 1993.)

  • "Flavor of the farm." Successful Farming. (Feb 1993.)

  • "Grassroots Barn Guides." Successful Farming. (Mid-Mar 1993.)

  • "Paint that sticks." Successful Farming. (Feb 1994.)

  • "Way out West." Successful Farming. (Mid-Feb 1994.)

  • "BARN AGAIN! Goes to Washington." Successful Farming. (May-Jun 1994.)

  • "Vermont's Treasures." Successful Farming. (Feb 1995.)

  • "Start with a good foundation." Successful Farming. (Nov 1995.)

  • "Way up North." Successful Farming. (Mar 1996.)

  • "New spaces for old places." Successful Farming. (Oct 1996.)

  • "Hanging on high in the Rockies." Successful Farming. (Mar 1997.)

  • "Putting on a good front." Successful Farming. (Apr 1997.)

    Don't forget to check out the Barn Again! website at www.agriculture.com/ba/aboutba!.html